Disastrous Inequality

Puerto Rico was hit much harder than Houston. But help was much slower coming.

Texas and Puerto Rico both got hit very hard last year by major hurricanes. But the federal government moved a lot more quickly to get help to Texas. In a new paper, I document the difference and explore the reasons. Although I won’t go into all the details here, this is a situation people need to know about.

This table gives a sense of the difference, though there’s a more extensive table in the paper.  (Please go to the Legal-Planet website if you’re an email subscriber and the table didn’t come through.)

Houston Puerto Rico
Time to send 70 Helicopters one week three weeks
FEMA Funding (Day 9) $142 million $6 million
Permanent disaster work approved 10 days 43 days

FEMA says it poured just as many resources into Puerto Rico as Texas and that the response was hindered because they were already stretched thing by other disasters and had to contend with difficult logistic problems.  I am willing to believe they made an equal effort. But an equal effort really wasn’t enough — not when Puerto Rico’s needs were so much greater. For instance, although the number of direct deaths from Harvey and Maria were similar (and relatively small), estimates are that another 500-1000 people died in Puerto Rico because they were left on their own so long, without access to electricity, drinking water, or medical services.

This table gives a sense of other differences:

Houston Puerto Rico
Housing units destroyed or significantly damaged 42,000 400,000
Number without power 280,000 1,000,000
Number without potable water supply 45 water systems in smaller communities ~1.7 million people

Why didn’t the federal government rise to the occasion in Puerto Rico and make the effort necessary to muster additional resources and overcome logistic problems?  It seems to me there were two basic reasons:

  1.  Politics. It’s not so much a matter of FEMA being political as that FEMA is a small agency trying to coordinate a lot of bigger and powerful agencies.  Getting those agencies to make an extraordinary effort isn’t something FEMA can do without help.  It needs outside pressure to make the other agencies jump. But the President was indifferent, Puerto Rico has no vote in Congress and no presidential vote, and the media paid little attention to Puerto Rico’s plight.
  2. Planning.  FEMA’s disaster plan for Puerto Rico assumed a somewhat smaller storm.  More importantly, it did not take account of poor infrastructure and of the ways that state, local, and private responders would be hindered because their own resources were so limited.  Puerto Rico’s government and electrical utility are basically bankrupt, and the state has a 40% poverty rate.

The worst thing, perhaps, is that so few people on the mainland are paying attention to what’s going on in Puerto Rico — let alone how we can better prepare for the future. We all need to take seriously the plight of our fellow citizens.

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Reader Comments

2 Replies to “Disastrous Inequality”

  1. The last time I checked, Puerto Rico was not a U.S. state. If they want the same benefits that the other 50 states get, let them vote to become one. Then, they can pay the same taxes and benefit from the same. If they want to remain independent, then they have to be independent.

    1. While Puerto Rico is not a U.S. state, your statement is incorrect as to its entitlement to disaster relief benefits. Puerto Rico receives identical treatment, by law, as if it were a state under the Stafford Act, which governs FEMA’s disaster relief efforts. In the Act, Congress specifically defined Puerto Rico as a “state” for the purposes of the Act’s provisions. See section 102(3) and 102(4). http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/USA-stafford_act_booklet_042213_508e.pdf

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About Dan

Dan Farber has written and taught on environmental and constitutional law as well as about contracts, jurisprudence and legislation. Currently at Berkeley Law, he has al…

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About Dan

Dan Farber has written and taught on environmental and constitutional law as well as about contracts, jurisprudence and legislation. Currently at Berkeley Law, he has al…

READ more

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